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Occurrences of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Intestinal Faecal Contents of Covurs splendens (Indian Crow)

Received: 6 May 2021     Accepted: 18 June 2021     Published: 18 August 2021
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Abstract

Introduction: Indian crows have been commented to present significant physical community harm with respect to property damage and agricultural products. However the public health significant of these birds in the developing countries has been underrated. Their scavenging nature might result into spread of pathogens in the public as well as the antimicrobial traits among bacteria. In order to gain the insight into the role of Indian crows as carriers and reservoir of multi-resistant E. coli; broad spectrum antimicrobial agents were tested using a wild E. coli isolated from the birds themselves. Methods: The Escherichia coli bacteria were isolated and identified from intestinal contents of 30 Indian crows in Morogoro. An 100μl Intestinal contents were spread on MacConkey for E. coli isolation. A total of eight (8) antimicrobial agents: STX (25 μg), AMP (10 μg), AMC (30 μg), CN (10 μg), CIP (5 μg), TE (30 μg), S (10 μg) and CTX (30 μg) were used. E. coli ATCC 25922 and included as control strains. Results: The resistance TE and SXT were the most prevalent (90%), followed by AMP (76.7%) and S (73.3%), CIP (53.3%), and CTX (36.7%). The susceptibility of these isolates was high in CN 96.7%. It also shown among 30 of the E. coli isolates; twenty-eight of them presented multiple antibiotic resistances. Conclusion: The results have shown that Indian crow can serve as a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant E. coli, and potentially transmit such E. coli over long distances. This is a hidden public health threat as these crows move from one place to another and is found in residential areas contaminating water and food with resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance strains.

Published in Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Volume 6, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.bsi.20210603.11
Page(s) 42-46
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Indian Crow, AMR, Peri-urban, Morogoro, Antibiotics

References
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[4] Salehi, T Z., and Bonab, S. F. 2006. Antibiotics Susceptibility Pattern of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Chickens with Colisepticemia in Tabriz Province, Iran. International Journal of Poultry Science, 5: 677-684.
[5] Ryall C. 1992. Predation and harassment of native bird species by the Indian House Crow (Corvus splendens), in Mombasa, Kenya. Scopus 16: 1–8.
[6] Archer AL. 2001. Control of the Indian House Crow (Corvus splendens) in eastern Africa. Ostrich Suppl. 15: 147–152.
[7] Ryall C. 2002. Further records of range extension in House Crow Corvus splendens. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’Club 122: 231–240.
[8] Bauer AW, Kirby WM, Sherris JC, Turck M (April 1966). "Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method". American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 45 (4): 493–496.
[9] CLSI. (Clinical and laboratory Standards Institute) M100-S25 performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; Twenty-fifth informational supplement; 2015.
[10] Chongomwa MM. 2011. Mapping locations of Indian House Crows in Mombasa. Journal of Geography and Regional Planning 4: 87–97.
[11] Guenther S, Grobbel M, Lubke-Becker A, Goedecke A, Friedrich ND, Wieler LH, Ewers C. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli from common European wild bird species. Vet Microbial. 2010; 144: 219–25.
[12] Ryall C. 2010. Further records and updates of range extension in House Crow (Corvus splendens). Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 130: 246–254.
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[17] Shobrak MY, Abo-Amer AE. Role of wild birds as carriers of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli and Escherichia vulneris. Braz J Microbiol. 2015 Mar 4; 45 (4): 1199-209. doi: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000400010. PMID: 25763023; PMCID: PMC4323292.
[18] Safari I. 2008. Characteristics of nesting trees used by Indian House Crow in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Undergraduate thesis, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
[19] Shimba MJ. 2011. Nest success of the Indian House Crow in Dar es Salaam. Undergraduate thesis, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
[20] Khan W, Das, SN., Mahmoud, AH., Rafique, N., Anwar, K., Khan BT., Ullah, I., Khan, M. Evaluation of sulfadimidine, amprolium and triquen to treat coccidiosis in wild pigeons. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 2022, vol. 82, e238673.
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    Philbert Balichene Madoshi, Shuli Nkalango Mitemi, Abdul Ahmed Selemani Katakweba. (2021). Occurrences of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Intestinal Faecal Contents of Covurs splendens (Indian Crow). Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, 6(3), 42-46. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bsi.20210603.11

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    ACS Style

    Philbert Balichene Madoshi; Shuli Nkalango Mitemi; Abdul Ahmed Selemani Katakweba. Occurrences of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Intestinal Faecal Contents of Covurs splendens (Indian Crow). Biomed. Stat. Inform. 2021, 6(3), 42-46. doi: 10.11648/j.bsi.20210603.11

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    AMA Style

    Philbert Balichene Madoshi, Shuli Nkalango Mitemi, Abdul Ahmed Selemani Katakweba. Occurrences of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Intestinal Faecal Contents of Covurs splendens (Indian Crow). Biomed Stat Inform. 2021;6(3):42-46. doi: 10.11648/j.bsi.20210603.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.bsi.20210603.11,
      author = {Philbert Balichene Madoshi and Shuli Nkalango Mitemi and Abdul Ahmed Selemani Katakweba},
      title = {Occurrences of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Intestinal Faecal Contents of Covurs splendens (Indian Crow)},
      journal = {Biomedical Statistics and Informatics},
      volume = {6},
      number = {3},
      pages = {42-46},
      doi = {10.11648/j.bsi.20210603.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bsi.20210603.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.bsi.20210603.11},
      abstract = {Introduction: Indian crows have been commented to present significant physical community harm with respect to property damage and agricultural products. However the public health significant of these birds in the developing countries has been underrated. Their scavenging nature might result into spread of pathogens in the public as well as the antimicrobial traits among bacteria. In order to gain the insight into the role of Indian crows as carriers and reservoir of multi-resistant E. coli; broad spectrum antimicrobial agents were tested using a wild E. coli isolated from the birds themselves. Methods: The Escherichia coli bacteria were isolated and identified from intestinal contents of 30 Indian crows in Morogoro. An 100μl Intestinal contents were spread on MacConkey for E. coli isolation. A total of eight (8) antimicrobial agents: STX (25 μg), AMP (10 μg), AMC (30 μg), CN (10 μg), CIP (5 μg), TE (30 μg), S (10 μg) and CTX (30 μg) were used. E. coli ATCC 25922 and included as control strains. Results: The resistance TE and SXT were the most prevalent (90%), followed by AMP (76.7%) and S (73.3%), CIP (53.3%), and CTX (36.7%). The susceptibility of these isolates was high in CN 96.7%. It also shown among 30 of the E. coli isolates; twenty-eight of them presented multiple antibiotic resistances. Conclusion: The results have shown that Indian crow can serve as a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant E. coli, and potentially transmit such E. coli over long distances. This is a hidden public health threat as these crows move from one place to another and is found in residential areas contaminating water and food with resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance strains.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Occurrences of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Intestinal Faecal Contents of Covurs splendens (Indian Crow)
    AU  - Philbert Balichene Madoshi
    AU  - Shuli Nkalango Mitemi
    AU  - Abdul Ahmed Selemani Katakweba
    Y1  - 2021/08/18
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    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bsi.20210603.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.bsi.20210603.11
    T2  - Biomedical Statistics and Informatics
    JF  - Biomedical Statistics and Informatics
    JO  - Biomedical Statistics and Informatics
    SP  - 42
    EP  - 46
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2578-8728
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bsi.20210603.11
    AB  - Introduction: Indian crows have been commented to present significant physical community harm with respect to property damage and agricultural products. However the public health significant of these birds in the developing countries has been underrated. Their scavenging nature might result into spread of pathogens in the public as well as the antimicrobial traits among bacteria. In order to gain the insight into the role of Indian crows as carriers and reservoir of multi-resistant E. coli; broad spectrum antimicrobial agents were tested using a wild E. coli isolated from the birds themselves. Methods: The Escherichia coli bacteria were isolated and identified from intestinal contents of 30 Indian crows in Morogoro. An 100μl Intestinal contents were spread on MacConkey for E. coli isolation. A total of eight (8) antimicrobial agents: STX (25 μg), AMP (10 μg), AMC (30 μg), CN (10 μg), CIP (5 μg), TE (30 μg), S (10 μg) and CTX (30 μg) were used. E. coli ATCC 25922 and included as control strains. Results: The resistance TE and SXT were the most prevalent (90%), followed by AMP (76.7%) and S (73.3%), CIP (53.3%), and CTX (36.7%). The susceptibility of these isolates was high in CN 96.7%. It also shown among 30 of the E. coli isolates; twenty-eight of them presented multiple antibiotic resistances. Conclusion: The results have shown that Indian crow can serve as a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant E. coli, and potentially transmit such E. coli over long distances. This is a hidden public health threat as these crows move from one place to another and is found in residential areas contaminating water and food with resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance strains.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, ST Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences, Ifakara, Tanzania

  • Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania

  • Pest Management Centre, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania

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